Shayzar I
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Biographical note
Cristina Tonghini, Ph.D. (1995) in Islamic Archaeology, SOAS, London, teaches Islamic Archaeology at Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia. Her research in the field has focused on the Islamic Near East, especially on pottery production and fortified settlements.
Readership
Islamic history and archaeology (especially middle-Islamic period); fortified settlement and military architecture in the Near East; architecture of the Zangid, Ayyubid, and Mamluk period.
Table of contents
Acknowledgements . . . ix
List of Figures . . . xiii
1 Shayzar: An Overview of its History and the Archaeological Investigation . . . 1
1.1 An Historical Overview (H. Kennedy) . . . 2
1.2 The Site and Previous Studies . . . 25
1.3 The Archaeological Investigation: Research Objectives 28
1.4 Strategic and Methodological Choices . . . 30
1.5 The Results: An Overview . . . 33
Appendix: The Working Group . . . 38
2 The Written Documentation: The Inscriptions . . . 41
2.1 Greek Inscriptions from the Citadel of Shayzar/Larissa and their Historical Context (N. Zorzi) . . . 41
2.2 The Arabic Inscriptions of the Citadel of Shayzar (R. Giunta) . . . 59
3 The Archaeological Analysis . . . 93
The Investigative Method: Stratigraphic Analysis of Structures (N. Montevecchi) . . . 94
3.1 The Northern Area (N. Montevecchi) . . . 103
3.2 The Eastern Front . . . 177
3.3 The Southern Area (C. Tavernari) . . . 222
3.4 The Western Front . . . 294
Appendix: Internal Surface Finishes in CF2 and CF3 (M. Gavazzi and S. Martucci di Scarfizzi) . . . 299
4 Building Materials and Constructional Characteristics . . . 311
4.1 The Stones of the Citadel (L. Lazzarini) . . . 312
4.2 Minero-Petrographic Characterisation of the Mortars and its Possible Application in the Definition of the Building Phases (F. Antonelli, L. Lazzarini, S. Cancelliere) . . . 315
4.3 Observations sur les Materiaux et les Techniques de Construction de la Forteresse de Shayzar (Syrie) (J.-C. Bessac) . . . 326
4.4 Masonry Typology (N. Montevecchi and C. Tonghini) 389
5 The Fortification of Shayzar: Constructional Stages and the Evolution of the Defences . . . 405
5.1 Constructional Stages in the Fortification of Shayzar: Towards an Absolute Sequence in the Regional Context . . . . 405
5.2 Sequencing the Various Defence Works . . . 455
6 Summary of Periods . . . 473
1. The Northern Area . . . 473
2. The Eastern Front . . . 479
3. The Southern Area . . . 483
4. The Western Front . . . 488
5. Table of Activities . . . 488
Bibliography . . . 503
Index . . . 519
Figures . . . following 540
List of Figures . . . xiii
1 Shayzar: An Overview of its History and the Archaeological Investigation . . . 1
1.1 An Historical Overview (H. Kennedy) . . . 2
1.2 The Site and Previous Studies . . . 25
1.3 The Archaeological Investigation: Research Objectives 28
1.4 Strategic and Methodological Choices . . . 30
1.5 The Results: An Overview . . . 33
Appendix: The Working Group . . . 38
2 The Written Documentation: The Inscriptions . . . 41
2.1 Greek Inscriptions from the Citadel of Shayzar/Larissa and their Historical Context (N. Zorzi) . . . 41
2.2 The Arabic Inscriptions of the Citadel of Shayzar (R. Giunta) . . . 59
3 The Archaeological Analysis . . . 93
The Investigative Method: Stratigraphic Analysis of Structures (N. Montevecchi) . . . 94
3.1 The Northern Area (N. Montevecchi) . . . 103
3.2 The Eastern Front . . . 177
3.3 The Southern Area (C. Tavernari) . . . 222
3.4 The Western Front . . . 294
Appendix: Internal Surface Finishes in CF2 and CF3 (M. Gavazzi and S. Martucci di Scarfizzi) . . . 299
4 Building Materials and Constructional Characteristics . . . 311
4.1 The Stones of the Citadel (L. Lazzarini) . . . 312
4.2 Minero-Petrographic Characterisation of the Mortars and its Possible Application in the Definition of the Building Phases (F. Antonelli, L. Lazzarini, S. Cancelliere) . . . 315
4.3 Observations sur les Materiaux et les Techniques de Construction de la Forteresse de Shayzar (Syrie) (J.-C. Bessac) . . . 326
4.4 Masonry Typology (N. Montevecchi and C. Tonghini) 389
5 The Fortification of Shayzar: Constructional Stages and the Evolution of the Defences . . . 405
5.1 Constructional Stages in the Fortification of Shayzar: Towards an Absolute Sequence in the Regional Context . . . . 405
5.2 Sequencing the Various Defence Works . . . 455
6 Summary of Periods . . . 473
1. The Northern Area . . . 473
2. The Eastern Front . . . 479
3. The Southern Area . . . 483
4. The Western Front . . . 488
5. Table of Activities . . . 488
Bibliography . . . 503
Index . . . 519
Figures . . . following 540
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